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Writer's pictureMary Johnson MEd, MSN, RD

Nutrition During Cancer Treatment: Nutrients' Critical Role to Avoid Cancer-Related Malnutrition

Updated: Oct 10, 2023


Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Herbs and Spices
Nutrients and Cancer Related Malnutrition

Dealing with cancer is undeniably challenging! Cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, take a toll on the body and can disrupt eating habits. One of the often-overlooked ways to strengthen your body with nutrition. Proper nutrition plays a pivotal role in aiding healing, bolstering the immune system, and combating cancer-related malnutrition. In this article, we'll explore the nutrients your body needs during cancer treatment and how they contribute to your well-being. Registered Dietitians (RDNs) can provide valuable guidance about your unique needs and provide individualized recommendations about how to stay well-nourished during treatment.


The Quality of Nutrition Matters

It's not just about the quantity of food; it's about the quality of nutrients. A varied and balanced diet that incorporates nutrient-rich foods ensures you're getting all the nutrients your body needs during cancer treatment. Each nutrient plays a unique role in supporting your health. Let's explore key nutrients that aid healing and support oncology nutrition.


Protein: The Building Block of Recovery

Protein is vital for tissue repair, muscle building, and immune support. Incorporate lean protein sources like poultry, fish, beans, and tofu into your diet for recovery.


Fiber: Supporting Digestive Health

Fiber promotes digestive health. Cancer treatments may disrupt normal digestion. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables can help maintain smooth digestion. Carefully wash fruits and vegetables to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.


Antioxidants: Guardians of Your Cells

Antioxidants in colorful, vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables help neutralize harmful molecules, supporting your immune system and overall health. Choose colorful produce and consume it as close to its original form as possible. Eat the apple not the juice, the baked potato and the peel, not the fry!


Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Reducing Inflammation

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel, have anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial during cancer treatment. Look for wild caught. If purchasing canned fish, look for BPA-free cans. Practice good food safety by preparing fish on a different surface than fruits and vegetables.


Hydration: Staying Well-Hydrated

Proper hydration is often underestimated but is crucial during cancer treatment to manage side effects like fatigue and nausea. Keep a BPA-free water bottle with you so that you have water handy. Wondering if your water is free from carcinogenic chemicals? The Environmental Working Group provides free guidance based on zip code. It can be found at EWG.ORG.

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Use of Dietary Supplements During Treatment

You might be wondering if it would just be easier to take nutritional supplements to get essential nutrients. Dietary supplements can interact with your treatment in undesirable ways. Consult with your healthcare team, including your oncologist and registered dietitian, before considering dietary supplements. They can assess your specific nutritional needs and recommend supplements if necessary. I made a video about supplement selection during treatment that can be found here: https://youtu.be/l9wPBdqDIC0


Debunking the Myth: Eating Anything to Put on Weight During Treatment

Maintaining a healthy weight is important and sometimes well intentioned family and friends may make calorically dense treats to help you avoid weight loss. While I'm a big believer in everything in moderation, it is important to prioritize the quality of foods you consume. Consuming high-calorie, low-nutrient can have detrimental effects on your overall health. Processed foods high in unhealthy, saturated fats, sugar, and empty calories can contribute to inflammation, which we'll discuss next.


Inflammation and Its Role in Cancer

Chronic inflammation, often triggered by a diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars, can promote tumor growth, weaken the immune system, and increase the risk of some cancers. Choose anti-inflammatory foods to counteract inflammation and support your overall health during cancer treatment. Want to learn more about an anti-inflammatory diet? Visit: www.drweil.com/diet-nutrition/anti-inflammatory-diet-pyramid/what-is-dr-weils-anti-inflammatory-food-pyramid/ It's worth noting that while this model includes red wine, The American Cancer Society says that there is no safe amount of alcohol.


A Balanced Perspective: Food's Role in Cancer Care

A final thought: While nutrition is crucial, it's not a standalone cure for cancer. A holistic approach that combines medical treatments, nutrient-dense, cancer protective foods, physical activity, support from family and friends, stress management, sleep and a focus on overall quality of life is essential. Work closely with your healthcare team to create a comprehensive plan that supports your individualized needs.

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